| 1. | Levy MM, Dellinger RP, Townsend SR, et al. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: results of an international guideline-based performance improvement program targeting severe sepsis[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2010,36(2): 222-231. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 2. | American College of Chest Physiciana/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Confeernce. Definitionsforse psisa ndorgan failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis[J]. Crit Care Med, 1992, 20(6): 864-874. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 3. | Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008[J]. Crit Care Med, 2008, 36(1): 296-327. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 4. | Lee SW, Hong YS, Park DW, et al. Lactic acidosis not hyperlactatemia as a predictor of inhospital mortality in septic emergency patients[J]. Emerg Med J, 2008, 25(10): 659-665.. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 5. | Gunnerson KJ, Saul M, He S, et al. Lactate versus non-lactate metabolic acidosis: a retrospective outcome evaluation of critically ill patients[J]. Crit Care, 2006, 10(1): R22. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 6. | Jones AE, Shapiro NI, Trzeciak S, et al. Lactate clearance vs central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA, 2010, 303(8): 739-746. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 7. | 徐向東, 吳健鋒, 管向東, 等. 早期乳酸清除率評估外科嚴重膿毒癥預后的臨床價值研究[J]. 中國實用外科雜志, 2007, 27(12): 969-970.. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 8. | 楊明全, 曹建偉, 陳燕梅. 膿毒性休克早期液體復蘇的臨床反應性評價[J].華西醫學, 2011, 26(6): 863-866. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 9. | Palma LC, Ferreira GF,Amaral ACKB,et al.Acidosis and mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock evaluated by base excess variation [J].Critical Care, 2003, 7(Suppl 3): 39. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 10. | Allen M. Lactate and acid base as a hemodynamic monitor and markers of cellular perfusion[J]. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2011, 12(4 Suppl): S43- S49. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 11. | Surbatovic M, Radakovic S, Jevtic M, et al. Predictive value of serum bicarbonate, arterial base deficit/excess and SAPSⅢ score in critically ill patients[J]. Gen Physiol Biophys, 2009, 28: 271-276. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 12. | Noritomi DT, Soriano FG, Kellum JA, et al. Metabolic acidosis in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a longitudinal quantitative study[J]. Crit Care Med, 2009, 37(10): 2733-2739. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 13. | Park M, Azevedo LC, Maciel AT, et al. Evolutive standard base excess and serum lactate level in severe sepsis and septic shock patients resuscitated with early goal-directed therapy: still outcome markers[J]. Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2006, 61(1): 47-52. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 14. | 潘景業, 吳河水, 吳雙華, 等. 堿剩余早期動態變化與嚴重膿毒癥和膿毒癥休克患者預后的關系[J]. 中國急救醫學, 2009, 29(2): 100-102. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 15. | Montassier E, Batard E, Segard J, et al. Base excess is an accurate predictor of elevated lactate in ED septic patients[J]. Am J Emerg Med, 2012, 30(1): 184-187. |