| 1. | Ligier JN, Metaizeau JP, Prevot J, et al . Elastic stable intramedullary nailing of forearm shaft fractures in children [J]. J Bone Joint Surg, 1988, 70 (1): 74-77. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 2. | Barry M, Paterson JM. A flexible intramedullary nails for fractures in children[J]. J Bone Joint Surg, 2004, 86 (7): 947-953. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 3. | Jubel A,, Andermahr J, Isenberg J, et al. Outcomes and complications of elastic stable intramedullary nailing for forearm fractures in children[J]. J Pediatr Orthop B, 2005, 14 (5): 375-380. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 4. | Lascombes P, Haumont T, Journeau P. use and abuse of flexible intramedullary nailing in children and adolescents[J]. J Pediatr Orthop, 2006, 26 (6): 827-834. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 5. | Schmittenbecher PP. State of the art treatment of the forearm fractures[J]. Injury, 2005, 36 (2): 25-34. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 6. | Ogonda L, Wong-Chung J, Wray R, et al. Delayed union and non-union of the ulna following intramedullary nailing in children[J]. J Pediatr Orthop B, 2004, 25 (1): 330-333. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 7. | Schmittenbecher PP, Fitze G, Gö decke J, et al. Delayed healing of the forearm shaft fractures in children after intramedullary nailing[J]. J Pediatr Orthop, 2008, 28(3): 303-306. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 8. | Cullen MC, Dennis RR, Giza E, et al. Complications of intramedullary fixation of pediatric forearm fractures[J]. J Pediatr Orthop, 1998, 18 (1): 14-21. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 9. | Slongo TF. Complications and failures of the ESIN technique[J]. Injury, 2005, 36 (2): S-A78-S-A85. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 10. | Luhmann SJ, Gordon JE, Schoenecker PL. Intramedullary fixation of unstable both-bone forearm fractures in children[J]. J Pediatr Orthop, 998, 18 (4): 451-456. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 11. | Richter D, Ostermann PA, Ekkernkamp A, et al. Elastic intramedullary nailing: a minimally invasive concept in the treatment of unstable forearm fractures in children[J]. J Pediatr Orthop, 1998, 18(4): 457-461. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 12. | Schmittenbecher PP, Dietz HG, Linhart WE, et al. Complications and problems in intramedullary nailing of children’s fractures[J]. Eur Trauma, 2000, 26 (6): 287-293. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 13. | Lobo-Escolar A, Roche A, Bregante J, et al. Delayed union in the pediatric forearm fracture[J]. J Pediatr Orthop, 2012, 32 (1): 54-57. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 14. | Beaty JH, Austin SM, Warner WC, et al. Interlocking intramedullary nailing of femoral-shaft fractures in adolescents: preliminary results and complications[J]. J Pediatr Orthop, 1994, 14 (2): 178-183. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 15. | Bhandari M, Guyatt GH, Swiontkowski MF, et al. A lack of consensus in the assessment of fracture healing among orthopaedics surgeons[J]. J Orthop Trauma, 2002, 16(8): 562-566. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 16. | Terry M. Campbell’s operative orthopedics[J]. JAMA, 2009, 301(3): 329-330. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 17. | Marsh D. Concepts of fracture union, delayed union and nonunion[J]. Clin Orthop Suppl, 1998, 355(2): S22-S30. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 18. | Wade R, Richardson J. Outcome in fracture healing: a review[J]. Injury, 2001, 32(2): 109-114. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 19. | Lindaman LM. Bone healing in children[J]. Clin Podiatr Med Surg, 2001, 18(1): 97-108. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 20. | Adamczyk MJ, Riley PM. Delayed union and nonunion following closed treatment of diaphyseal pediatric forearm fractures[J]. J Pediatr Orthop, 2005, 25(1): 51-55. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 21. | Fernandez FF, Eberhardt O, Langendörfer M, et al. Nonunion of forearm shaft fractures in children after intramedullary nailing[J]. J Pediat Orthop B, 2009, 18(6): 289-295. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 22. | Mehlman CT, Strub WM, Roy DR, et al. The effect of surgical timing on the perioperative complications of treatment of supracondylar humeral fractures in children[J]. J Bone Joint Surg, 2001, 83(3): 323. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 23. | Wright TW, Glowczewskie F. Vascular anatomy of the ulna[J]. The J Hand Surg, 1998, 23(5): 800-804. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 24. | Garg NK, Ballal MS, Malek IA, et al. Use of elastic stable intramedullary nailing for treating unstable forearm fractures in children[J]. J Trauma, 2008, 65(1): 109-115. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 25. | Greenbaum B, Zionts LE, Ebramzadeh E. Open fractures of the forearm in children[J]. J Orthop Trauma, 2001, 15(2): 111-118. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 26. | Lee S, Nicol RO, Stott NS. Intramedullary fixation for pediatric unstable forearm fractures[J]. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2002, 402(5): 245-250. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 27. | Chan CF, Meads BM, Nicol RO. Remanipulation of forearm fractures in children[J]. NZ Med J, 1997, 1047(110): 249-250. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 28. | Richter D, Ostermann PA, Ekkernkamp A, et al. Elastic intramedullary nailing: a mini-mally invasive concept in the treatment of unstable forearm fractures in children[J]. J Pediatr Orthop, 1998, 18(4): 457-461. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 29. | Fuller DJ, McCullough CJ. Malunited fractures of the forearm in children[J]. J Bone Joint Surg. 1982, 64(3): 364-367. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 30. | Daruwalla JS. A study of radioulnar movements following fractures of the forearm in children[J]. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1979, 139(2): 114-120. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 31. | Houshian S, Bajaj SK. Forearm fractures in children. Single bone fixation with elastic stable intramedullary nailing in 20 cases[J]. Injury, 2005, 36(12): 1421-1426. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 32. | Weinberg AM, Amerstorfer F, Fischerauer EE, et al. Paediatric diaphyseal forearm refractures after greenstick fractures: operative management with ESIN[J]. Injury, 2009, 40(4): 414-417. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 33. | Weinberg AM, Castellani C, Amerstorfer F. Elastic Stable Intra-medullary Nailing (ESIN) of forearm fractures[J]. Oper Orthop Traumatol, 2008, 20(5): 285-296. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 34. | Lascombes P, Poncelet T, Pre’ vot J. Fractures ite´ratives de l’avant-braschez l’enfant[J]. Rev Chir Orthop, 1988, 74 (suppl II): 137-139. | 
				                                                        
				                                                            
				                                                                | 35. | Changulani M, Garg N, Colin EB. Use of ESIN in forearm fractures in children: does keeping the nail in situ longer prevent refractures?[J]. Injury Extra, 2006, 37(4): 151-153. |